一、sense relations between sentences
(1)x is synonymous with y (同義句關系)
x: he was a bachelor all his life.
y: he never got married all his life.
x: the boy killed the cat.
y: the cat was killed by the boy.
If x is true, y is true; if x is false, y is false.
(2)x is inconsistent with y
x: he is single.
y: he has a wife.
x: this is my first time to beijing.
y: I have been to beijing twice.
if x is true, y is false; if x is false, y is true.
(3)x entails y(蘊含關系)
x: John married a blond heiress.
y: John married a blond.
x: Marry has been to beijing.
y: Marry has been to China.
entailment is a relation of inclusion.if x entails y, then the meaning of x is included
in y.
if x is true, y is necessarily true; if x is false, y may be true or false.
(4)x presupposes y(預設關系)
x: his bike needs repairing.
y: he has a bike.
x: Paul has given up smoking.
y: Paul once smoked.
if x is true, y must be true; if x is false, y is still true.
(5)x is a contradiction(矛盾關系)
my unmarried sister is married to a bachelor.
the orphant's parents are pretty well-off.
(6)x is senmantically anomalous(語義上的不規則關系)
the man is pregnant.
the table has bad intention.
二、analysis of meaning
componential analysis 成分分析 簡稱CA