the basic stock words : the fourth feature is polysemy. the fifth is ability to collocation. but pro. and num. may not have the characteristics.
Non-basic vacabulary :1 termnology :used in particular disciplines. Ex : sonata奏鳴曲 algebra 2 jargon行話 : Ex: in buisness "bottom line" means "unavoidable result" 3 slang 4 argot : the combmed can 黑話隱語 and jargon of criminals . Ex: can-opener (all-purpose key) persuader(dagger) dip (pick-pocket) 5 dialectal words 6 archaism :曾經廣泛現在使用受限 mainly in older poems , legal documents, religious writing and speech.Ex : thee(objective you) thou(you) ye(you plural) wilt(will) 7 neologisms means 新詞，舊詞新意。 Ex: databank.
content words & funnctional words:
content words denote clear notions and are known as notional words: include n. v. adj. adv. num.
functional words :empty words.
native words& borrowed words
by origin
native words : not native in fact . they are mainly anglo-saxon words . characteristics:
1 neutral in style :whereas words borrowed from latin or french are formal. 2 frequent use : (but in academic and sciences latin or Greek origin will be often used )
borrowed words: English is a heavy borrower. 根據同化程度與借來方式分為：
1 denizens: borrowed early in the past and now are well assimilated into the English language. Ex: cup- cuppa(l) change- changier(f) 2 aliens :have retained their original pronunciations and spelling. 3 translation loans: formed from the existing material in the English lg. but modeled on the patterns taken from another lg. land-reform土改 ketchup from fanqiejiang . 4 semantic loans : borrowed a new meaning.